Linux, Windows, Security, Programming, Network Tutorials
Open Systems Interconnection Model or OSI Model is an architecture to specify computer networks functions in a clear and compatible way. OSI provides interoperability of diverse communication systems with standard communication and transmission architecture, layers, and protocols. OSI History In the early- and mid- 1970s the computer networks largely owned and operated by the governments … Read more
Dial-Up is a network connection that uses the copper lines or phone lines to connect remote systems. Dial-up was used to connect the internet during the 1990s even created a lot of time ago. Dial-Up History Dial-up history goes back to the 1950s. First, dial-up modems are created for military purposes. There was no commercial … Read more
Router is a popular device that is used to connect different networks together. From an end-user point of view, a router is a device that is used to connect the internet. ADSL Modems ,Dialup Modems ,MetroEthernet Switch , 4G and 5G Modems also referred to as Router because of their routing function and the popularity … Read more
VLAN is network topology and methodology which is used to create separate and isolated single or multiple LANs’s over the physical LAN. VLANs are created logically over the LANs and creating VLAN is easy with the help of different network protocols. VLAN is the short form for the Virtual LAN or in a long-form Virtual … Read more
NIC is the short form of the Network Interface Card. Network Interface Card or simply Network Card is simply used to connect different types of devices into the network generally to access the internet or intranet. What Is NIC(Network Interface Card)? Network Interface Card explains itself in a pure way where A card which has … Read more
Kbps is a very popular term used in IT. Kbps is the short presentation of the Kilobits per second in order to specify the speed or data size which can be transmitted, executed, processed, etc. from the given service or device. Mostly Kbps is used to express the data transmission medium speed in computer networks. … Read more
Simple Network Management Protocol aka SNMP is used to monitor and manage devices over the computer networks. SNMP is popularly used to monitor network devices. SNMP protocol communication is done over the SNMP ports which can be different according to operation and security. SNMP Ports SNMP uses UDP 161 by default. UDP is an alternative … Read more
Internet Protocol or IP is designed to create a worldwide network to connect every computer to each other. OSI reference model creates a model where different protocols and networks can be defined and IP is used for the Network layer. There are two main versions of the IP protocol named IPv4 and IPv6. We will … Read more
Terminal Access Controller Access Control System or TACACS is a protocol used for AAA (Authentication, Authorization, and Audit). TACACS is created in 1984 .TACACS is heavily used by the Cisco and Cisco created some extended version of TACACS named XTACACS , TACACS+. TACACS is defined with the IETF RFC 927 in 1984 and then updated … Read more
Packet Sniffing is the process to capture packets. Generally, computer network packets are sniffed. Packet sniffing may seem very simple but in reality, it provides a lot of complexity related to the protocols, network mediums, etc. Packet Capture or Packet Sniffing Before starting to learn what is packet sniffing we have to learn the difference … Read more