Internet Protocol or IP is designed to create a worldwide network to connect every computer to each other. OSI reference model creates a model where different protocols and networks can be defined and IP is used for the Network layer. There are two main versions of the IP protocol named IPv4 and IPv6. We will compare these IPv4 and IPv6 in this tutorial in detail.

Internet Protocol v4 or IPv4

Internet Protocol version 4 or IPv4 is created to connect multiple networks and hosts together in a standard way. IPv4 is generally named IP because of its popularity and the rare usage of the IPv6. IPv4 is standardized with the RFC 791 in 1981. The main idea behind the IPv4 was creating a packet-switched network with consistent addressing. IP addressed are used to address and identify the hosts and networks. We use IP addresses like 192.168.1.1, 8.8.8.8 to access remote hosts and services like modem interface, Google DNS, etc.

IPv4 uses 32 bit for address space. With 32 bit 4.3 billion addresses can be defined which seem very high but in practice very little. Example IPv4 address can be like below.

192.168.1.1

Internet Protocol v6 or IPv6

IPv4 was so popular which resulted on the internet. The world is connected via the internet by using IPv4. IPv4 uses the IP address to address every host and network on the internet. With the popularity of the internet, all the IPv4 IP addresses will be consumed completely. Internet requires new IP address where it needs more address space. IPv6 mainly designed to extend the IPv4 from different points like performance, IP address count. IPv6 is standards are defined with a lot of different RFC’s. But the first RFC’s are published in 1995 with number 1809, 1881, 1883, etc.

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IPv6 uses 128 bit for addressing. With the 128 bit, 3.4×10^38 addresses can be specified. This address count is enough for a long time to address everything in the world. Example IPv6 address can be like below.

2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8ade:0370:2335

Similarities For IPv4 and IPv6

In this part, we will list the similarities of the IPv4 and IPv6.

Both support manual IP assignment.
Both can provide security features inbuilt or optionally.
Both have the Packet Header part.
Both can transmit fragmented packets.
Both can have broadcasting, multicasting related features.

Differences For IPv4 and IPv6

Well, there are a lot of differences between IPV4 and IPv6 even IPv6 is the successor of the IPV4. Here we will list the differences IPv4 and IPv6.

IPv4 has 32-bit address space where IPv6 has 128-bit address space
IPv4 can provide 4.29×10^9 address where IPv6 can provide 3.4×10^38 addresses
IPv4 supports DHCP Address configuration where IPv6 supports auto and renumbering address configuration
IPv4 does not provide end to end connection integrity where IPv6 can provide end to end connection integrity
IPv4 provides optional security features where IPv6 inbuilt IPSEC security
IPv4 addresses are represented as decimal like 192.168.1.1 where IPv6 addresses represented as hexadecimal like 2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334
IPv4 packet fragmentation can be done by sender or routers where IPv6 only sender can fragment the IP packet
IPv4 does not have packet identification whee IPv6 has packet identification and flow label can be used
IPv4 has checksum field for packet integrity where IPv6 does not have a checksum field
IPv4 supports broadcast transmission where IPv6 supports multicast and anycast transmission
IPv4 has optional IPSEC for authentication and encryption where IPv6 provides built-in authentication and encryption
Ipv4 has 12 Header fields where IPv6 has 8 Header fields
IPv4 header fields total size is 20 byte where IPv6 header fields size is 40 byte
IPv4 has IP address classes like A, B, C, D, E where IPv6 does not have IP address classes
IPv4 supports Virtual Length Subnet Mask(VLSM) where IPv6 does not support VLSM because it does not require it
IPv4 is supported by the RIP routing protocol where IPv6 is not supported by the RIP instead static routing is used
IPv4 generally requires Network Address Translation (NAT) for routing where IPv6 does not require NAT because vast of address space
IPv4 requires Address Mask in order to access Gateway where IPv6 does not require Address Mask to access Gateway
IPv4 does support by SNMP protocol where IPv6 does not support by SNMP
IPv4 uses DNS A records to map the IP address to domain name where IPv6 uses AAAA DNS records to map the IP address to a domain name
IPv4 uses Broadcast ARP for IP to MAC resolution where IPv6 uses Multicast Neighbour Solicitation for IP to MAC resolution
IPv4 has optional header fields where IPv6 do not have optional fields but has extensions

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Advantages of IPv4

IPv4 is the most used IP version and provides some advantages with its usage percentage like below.

The familiarity between network professionals and administrators
Easy configuration with the less complex IP address structure
Supported by all of the devices by default
Well tested for a long time

Advantages of IPv6

Although there are some difficulties to use IPv6 there are also some advantages to use IPv6 too.

More efficiency and performance with less fragmentation
Big address spaces which are far more than the current requirement
No need to the NAT with the extended IP address space
Network layer security is builtin
Stateless IP address auto-configuration for simple and easier network administration

Disable IPv6

We will use the Network and Sharing Center in order to disable IPv6. First, we will open the Control Panel from the start menu by searching Control Panel.

In the Control Panel, we will open the Network and Sharing Center like below.

In the following screen, the network interfaces will be listed those can be more than one. In this example, we will click to the Ethernet0 in order to manage this interface configuration.

The Ethernet0 Status screen we will open the Properties windows by clicking it.

In the Ethernet0 Properties screen we will see some modules and features enabled and disabled. IPv6 is also a feature which can be enabled and disabled. We just uncheck Internet Protocol Version 6 (TCP/IP6) which will unload this module and disable IPv6 on this network interface.

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