File Transfer Protocol is very popular protocol for transferring files between hosts. FTP is fast and practical protocol not not secure. In old times security was no problem but in to days world security is important. So new protocols and ways developed to make FTP like operations more secure. Secure FTP or SFTP is a protocol developed for secure file transfers. SFTP works over SSH protocol and provides abilities and features of FTP. SSH by default runs on port 22/TCP. In this tutorial we will look usage and examples of SFTP. Windows alternative for sftp client is Putty SFTP or Psftp which is provided by putty tools.
Syntax
Sftp tool have following syntax .
1 | sftp [user@]host[:file ...] |
OR
1 | sftp [user@]host[:dir[/]] |
OR
1 | sftp -b batchfile [user@]host |
Connect To Sftp
First step to used sftp is connecting a server. As stated before sftp uses ssh protocol and connection will be made to ssh server. Authentication done according to the servers ssh connection configuration which generally a username , password authentication.
1 | $ sftp ubu1 |
Or different user name can be explicitly defined
1 | $ sftp root@ubu1 |
Man and Help Sftp
To get more and detailed help there is two way exists. First one is simple and fast way with help option.
1 | $ sftp -h |
1 | $man sftp |
Command Help
After connecting a sftp server the commands provided by this server can be listed like below.
1 | ? |
As we see there is command like cd, chgrp, chmod, exit, ls etc. We will look these commands in detail next examples.
Current Working Directory On Remote
Current working directory is the path currently active all issued commands works according to the current working directory. For example to download centos.iso given command will look current working directory. This is how can we get current working directory.
1 | pwd |
Current Working Directory On Local
There is local current working directory for sftp. When downloading files by default files will be downloaded to the local current working directory.
1 | lpwd |
List Files On Remote
To download files we should know the exact file names. The best way to get file names exactly is listing them with list command.
1 | ls |
List Files On Local
And here how to list on local
1 | lls |
Upload File
Upload will send local file or files to the remote system.
1 | mput tmux.tar.gz |
Upload Multiple Files
Multiple files can be uploaded like below. To upload by using globbing file extension, generic names can be used.
1 | mput * |
OR
1 | mput *.bak |
Upload Directory To Remote
As we see previous example mput command isonly used for files. To upload directories there is another command to use.
1 | put -r * |
This will put all files and directories to the remote working directory.
Download File
Another popular usage of sftp is downloading files from remote with get
1 | get tmux.tar |
Download Directories
Downloading directories recursively done with get command. To get directories and sub directories recursively -r parameter is provided like below.
1 | get -r test3 |
Switch Directory On Remote
Current working directory for remote can be changed with simple command cd
1 | cd tmux |
Switch Directory On Local
Current working directory on local can be changed similar to the remote.
1 | lcd .. |
Create Directory On Remote
Directories can be created on remtoe sftp server the same as Linux operating system command mkdir
1 | mkdir test |
Create Directory On Local
Same as remote but prefixed with l
1 | lmkdir test |
Remove File On Remote
File can be removed from remote sftp server with rm command
1 | rm tmux.tar |
Remove Directory On Remote
Removing directory command is different from file remove command on remote .
1 | rmdir test |
Exit
To exit from sftp shell alternative commands exist.
1 | ! |
OR
1 | exit |
