Linux the world of mystery, alternatives, different characteristics. This features of the Linux has colored also the version or distributions of the Linux. Linux provides a lot of different distros each of them represents a different soul. In this tutorial, we will examine the features, pros&const and use cases of the different well known and least known Linux distributions. Ubuntu Ubuntu is complete Desktop, Server and Mobile Linux distributions. It...
Linux is mostly known with its distributions or distros but the reality is that Linux is just a kernel or core of the operating system. All user space and some of the operating space related tools are provided by distributions. We can actually call distribution as a operating system. Linux is very different from Windows where with its open and dynamic architecture we can create different type of operating systems...
CentOS, Fedora and RedHat are Linux distributions of the same family. These distributions provides different ways and command in order to restart. In this tutorial we will look different ways to restart CentOS, Fedora and RedHat and their affect to the system. Restart with Shutdown Command shutdown command is the most common way to stop or restart the system. Without providing an option shutdown will shutdown the system but will not...
Host name is used to identify the systems like hosts, clients, servers etc. Host name provides human readable easy names to remember. In a big environment host names will provides some easy of use. This tutorial is compatible with RHEL6, RHEL7, Fedora, CentOS 6 and CentOS 7 versions How Host Names Works In basic form computer networks like TCP/IP works with IP addresses to communicate. IP addresses are not practical...
CentOS and Ubuntu is two popular Linux distributions used in enterprise environments as well as personal environments. In this tutorial we will examine CentOS and Ubuntu Linux distributions from different perspectives. As a note CentOS distribution is free and open version of RedHat Enterprise Linux. So we will compare RedHat and Ubuntu too in this tutorial. Base Distributions Ubuntu Ubuntu is based full open source and free distribution Debian. Debian...
Tmux is terminal multiplexer popular in Linux world. Tmux provides multiple windows in a single session. Tmux also have the ability to detach and run after disconnect and attach after connection. This is very useful for system administrators. Man Man page of tmux provides a lot of detailed features. To get more information man page of tmux can be used like below.
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$ man tmux |
Start Tmux Tmux is a terminal emulator...
nohup is a command used to ignore HUP signal. HUP signal is used to kill a shell command if the parent shell exits. Think that we logged in with ssh and run a command. But the command execution takes a lot of time. We need to log out. In normal sense if we log out our command execution will end. In this case we will provide nohup command to prevent...
Comparing files line by line can be done with tool named diff. There are a lot of different options provided by diff. We will look most popular and useful features in this tutorial. Syntax diff have simple syntax. There are options which we will look later and files to be compared.
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diff [OPTION] FILES |
Compare Two Files In this example we will compare two files line by line
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$ diff file1 file2 |
If there is...
Bash can provides different programming language structures like variable, array, loop, decision making etc. Loop is one of the most useful feature of bash scripting. Loops will give the ability to iterate over given sequential structures like array, file list, numbers, inputs etc. Loop Syntax Bash provides alternative syntax for loop. Below are some examples of for loop syntax.
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for VARIABLE in 1 2 3 4 5 .. N do command1 command2 commandN done |
OR
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for VARIABLE in file1 file2 file3 do command1 on $VARIABLE command2 commandN done |
OR
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for OUTPUT in $(Linux-Or-Unix-Command-Here) do command1 on $OUTPUT command2 on $OUTPUT commandN done |
For line provides the loop logic...
Firewall is main component for network security. Enterprise firewalls are located between internet and enterprise networks to manage access and other stuff. There are also host firewalls those are very similar with network firewalls but more simple. Iptables is de facto standard firewall for both Linux systems and networks. We will look how to manage iptables in a Linux system. Get Status of Iptables Service Ubuntu use iptables as ufw...
