Network Address Translation a.k.a. NAT is a process or technique used to change IP address and TCP port numbers by an intermediate device like firewall, router, modem etc. There are different use cases for NAT but the most popular one is to use a single WAN IP address for multiple servers and client which is located LAN. Topology NAT has the following topology in general. NAT will occur on the...
Windows IP address configuration can be gathered with different ways. In this tutorial we will learn command line tool ipconfig and GUI to learn IP address of the operating system. Command Line with ipconfig Command ipconfig is a tool which provides detailed information about the system network configuration. This will list information like Physical Address , IPv4 Address , IPv6 Address , DNS Servers . Open Command Prompt We can open command prompt in different ways...
Internet and most of the network infrastructures uses IP Protocol. IP protocol uses IP addresses in order to connect different hosts and networks over globe. Classless Inter Domain Routing or CIDR is hierarchical IP addressing scheme used to set IP addresses to the hosts and network. Here we will learn how to calculate IP address, Network Address, Broadcast Address, Network Mask and provide these as cheat sheet. IP address, Network...
ethtool is useful utility used for Network Interface Card configuration. It provides simple and fast way to get and set configuration about IP address, interface speed, interface duplex or half duplex etc. List and Printer Interface Properties We will start with simply listing given network interface properties. We will see that there is a lot of network interface properties which is outputted by ethtool . For this operation we do not...
Tcpdump is everyday tool used by system and network administrator. We generally look simple use cases like host, port and protocol filter for tcpdump . In this tutorial we will look how to filter host, port and protocol in tcpdump. But keep in mind that tcpdump will requires administrator or root privileges. We can use root account or sudo command in order to gain root privileges. Specify Host Name Tcpdump can resolve host...
In computer networks we need to give each host or system a unique number and/or name. This is the only way to make communication possible. In other ways there will be a lot of problems like collusion or miss interpretation. Most of the system uses IP addresses to communication over computer or IT networks. In this tutorial we will try to answer the question “What is IP address?” and details...
Arp is a protocol used to determine host IP addresses from their physical MAC or Ethernet address. Windows operating systems provides arp command in order to manage arp related information. With arp command we can display, add and remove arp entries in ARP cache. ARP Cache ARP and IP entries are hold in ARP cache every time we want to communicate over network and need IP address we look to the ARP...
Windows operating system provide ipconfig command for network related administration like show ip address, request IP address from DHCP set IP address etc. In this tutorial we will look how can we release and renew IP address. For more information about ipconfig command read following tutorial. Windows Ipconfig Command Tutorial With Examples To List, Change, Renew IP Configuration Open Command Prompt We can open command prompt in different ways. The easiest way...
Linux network stack is very powerful. Network stack provides a lot of functionalities where most of the enterprise network products can not offer. Here we will look basic and everyday network administration commands. Check Network and Internet Connectivity Network connectivity can be checked easily with ping and telnet tools. One method to check internet connectivity is ping to Google.
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# ping google.com PING google.com (216.58.212.46) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from sof02s18-in-f46.1e100.net (216.58.212.46): icmp_seq=1 ttl=54 time=45.0 ms 64 bytes from sof02s18-in-f46.1e100.net (216.58.212.46): icmp_seq=2 ttl=54 time=45.1 ms |
ping sends icmp packets google.com is the destination of the icmp packets line...
DHCP is a protocol used to provide network related configuration to the network hosts. Mainly IP address information, network gateway, network mask and DNS server information are provided by DHCP protocol. DHCP have more features like providing boot file over network etc. In this tutorial we will look how DHCP reservation works for Windows Server 2012, Windows Server 2008, Cisco and benefits of using dhcp reservation. More information about DHCP...
