Linux, Windows, Security, Programming, Network Tutorials
Open Systems Interconnection Model or OSI Model is an architecture to specify computer networks functions in a clear and compatible way. OSI provides interoperability of diverse communication systems with standard communication and transmission architecture, layers, and protocols. OSI History In the early- and mid- 1970s the computer networks largely owned and operated by the governments … Read more
MAC Address is used to identify a Network Interface Card uniquely in a layer 2 network. This address is used to transfer files between default gateway and host or computer. In this tutorial, we will learn how to find a MAC address from command-line or GUI in operating systems like Windows and Linux. Display Mac … Read more
Network switches or Layer 2 technology Ethernet protocol uses MAC addresses in order to transfer frames between systems. MAC addresses are 48-bit value. This 48-bit value contains the device manufacturer ID as the first 24 bit. In this tutorial we will learn how to look, search and find the Organizationally Unique Identifier in Linux distributions like … Read more
Hash-based Authentication Message Code or HMAC is used to authenticate message with hash functions. Message authentication is important mechanism in cyber security and used to check message authenticity. There are different ways and mechanisms for Message Authentication. Message Message is the data, text, image or whatever else we want to authenticate. Message is checked against … Read more
In this tutorial we will look a simple but useful code that changes windows operating system Mac address. Mac address is the unique address that specifies the network interface. A general thought that mac addresses can be changed. But is it not true. Mac addressee is provided by the network card to the operations system … Read more
SELinux is very powerful security mechanism for Linux distributions. Distributions like CentOS, RHEL or Fedora comes SELinux enabled by default. In some situations we do not need SELinux protection especially in end user systems. In this tutorial we will look how to disable SELinux temporarily or Permanently. List SELinux Status First step is getting information … Read more
Network scanning is one of the steps of penetration testing. There are different and popular tools to scan network line masscan, nmap etc. Arp-scan is a tool specifically designed to scan network with layer 2 or mac or Ethernet arp packets. Install We can install arp-scan tool with the following command. $ sudo apt install … Read more
There are a lot of tools for network troubleshooting and debugging. Arping is one of them which only pings same network hosts. So what makes arping special is it uses network layer arp packets. This works on mac protocol. It is useful especially to find hosts those do not respond layer 3 and layer 4 … Read more
Mac Address is a network address used to layer 2 network traffic. The communication is done between network nodes with the mac address. It is important part of computer networking. In this tutorial, we will look at different ways to get mac addresses practically. Getmac Command Getmac command is a simple command used to get … Read more
Nmap is a very useful tool. It is used by penetration testers mainly but from an operation perspective, it is used by system administrators too. Nmap has a lot of different features. The mac-related feature can be used to get mac addresses of the hosts in the same network segment. I can be used to … Read more