OpenPGP is a email encryption standard used by a lot of people. This standard is defined by OpenPGP Working Group of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). The standard is proposed with RFC 4880 . The OpenPGP is derived from PGP software which is created by Phil Zimmermann. OpenPGP Windows Tools Gpg4win Gpg4win is popular and actively developed software for mail privacy and secrecy. Its current version is 3 and...
OpenSSL is most popular open source cryptography library which provides a lot of tools, libraries, algorithms about cryptography. It is mostly known with Secure Socket Layers (SSL) and Transport Layer Security (TLS) protocols. Supported Encryption Algorithms Encryption is used to make given data unreadable by the intruders. It is mainly used for confidentiality. OpenSSL supports following algorithms. RSA DSA AES DES 3DES Supported Hash Algorithms Hashing is used to create...
ssh provides secure access to the remote systems console or command line. All linux boxes uses ssh securely. There are a lot of steps to make things secure and easy while connecting and using ssh. ssh provides passwordless authentication with certificates. We can use ssh-copy-id to send our certificate to the remote system but what can we do if we get following error
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/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: ERROR: failed to open ID file '/home/ismail/.pub': No such file (to install the contents of '/home/ismail/.pub' anyway, look at the -f option) |
Try ssh-copy-id Now we want to copy our ssh public...
Security is important part of the today’s IT operations. There are a lot of tools which provides some part of the secure operations. GNU Privacy Guard or simply GPG is a one of them. It provides encryption, decryption, digital signatures and signing. Install GPG To Ubuntu, Debian, Mint and Kali For deb or apt based distributions we can install GPG with the following command for gnupg package.
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$ sudo apt install gnupg |
Install GPG To...
OpenSSL provides read different type of certificate and encoding formats. OpenSSL supports certificate formats like RSA, X509, PCKS12 etc. We will look how to read these certificate formats with OpenSSL. Read RSA Private Key RSA is popular format use to create asymmetric key pairs those named public and private key. We can use rsa verb to read RSA private key with the following command.
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$ openssl rsa -in myprivate.pem -check |
We can see that the first...
DER and PEM are formats used in X509 and other certificates to store Public, Private Keys and other related information. OpenSSL provides a lot of features for manipulating PEM and DER certificates. We can use OpenSSL to convert DER to PEM format and vice versa. Convert DER Format To PEM Format For RSA Key We may have an RSA Key in DER format and we want to convert it into...
Ssh provides secure access to the remote system. The traffic between systems are encrypted using encryption algorithms. There are different encryption algorithms. RSA is the most popular asymmetric encryption algorithm. In this tutorial we will look how to create RSA keys with ssh-keygen RSA History RSA algorithm is created by researchers named Ron Rivest, Adi Shamir and Leonard Adleman in the MIT. And named with their names first letters. It is...
Ssh is secure protocol used to manage remote systems like Linux, BSD, UNIX, network devices event windows operating systems. The traffic between systems are encrypted. Ssh uses asymmetric keys in order to encrypt and made traffic invisible to the others those resides between systems in the network. The encryption power comes from key bit size or length. In this tutorial we will look how to create 4096 bit keys. Generate...
Puttygen is used to generate ssh public and private keys for putty. We can use a different type of encryption algorithms bit sizes and ssh versions. In this tutorial, we will look at useful examples of puttygen. Install Puttygen To Linux puttygen is provided with putty packages most of the Linux distributions like Ubuntu, Debian, Fedora, CentOS, RedHat. Ubuntu, Debian puttygen tool is provided with the putty package in Debian,...
Trusted Platform Module or TPM is an international standard for a secure cryptoprocessor. This standard is developed by Trusted Computing Group and standardized by International Organizational Standardization (ISO) and International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) with number ISO/IEC 11889 in 2009. Versions TCG continues to revise the TPM specification. Latest version is released at October 2014 with number 2.0 Manufacturing TPM hardware is manufactured by different manufacturers. Important thing while buying and...
