Today Firewall is depicted as the main component of the security and networks. Firewalls provide a lot of different operations and features. In the old days, the firewall was simply used to block or allow some ports and management of the NAT. In these days there are a lot of different threats where the firewall is used to detect and stop these threats. Firewall Features Today modern firewall’s provides a...
Network Address Translation a.k.a. NAT is a process or technique used to change IP address and TCP port numbers by an intermediate device like firewall, router, modem etc. There are different use cases for NAT but the most popular one is to use a single WAN IP address for multiple servers and client which is located LAN. Topology NAT has the following topology in general. NAT will occur on the...
Domain Name System aka DNS is used to match domain names to the IP addresses. DNS is provided over intranet and internet servers with different port numbers. TCP or UDP DNS can use both transmission protocols TCP and UDP. But general usage is over UDP protocol because of its simplicity and speed. TCP Port 53 One of the used DNS port is TCP Port 53. TCP provides stability over DNS...
DNS is used to translate between a human-readable name like poftut.com and IP address like 45.79.1333.118. DNS can use both UDP and TCP protocols but generally, UDP protocol is preferred. In this tutorial, we will learn how to flush, clear the DNS cache with ipconfig /flushdns command. This tutorial can be applied to the All Windows Operating system versions like Windows XP, Windows 7, Windows 8, Windows 10, Windows Server...
Socket is a mechanism which provides connection between two process or system by using network stacks. In a more clear way we can use sockets communicate and transfer data between two system. As we know Unix and Linux systems works on file logic. Everything in operating system is file where network connections are files too. Use Cases Sockets can be used in different cases. We can use socket to transfer data...
Nmap is very useful and popular tool used to scan ports. Nmap by default scans most popular 1000 ports. We may need to change the port range and protocol type to all while scanning with nmap. Scan All TCP Ports with Range We can specify the port range with the -p option. As we know TCP port numbers are between 0 and 65535 . We will use -p0-65535 as option in order to...
DNS is the one of the most importnt protocol for internet and network usage. If DNS woluldn’t be exist you will have to type https://45.79.133.118 to your browser in order to access this web site. But some times evenwe have internet connection we may have some access errors related to DNS. In this tutorial we will look different causes and solutions about Dns Server not responding . We have all ready provided...
netstat is very useful tool which provides a lot of information about the network of operating system. netstat command can list ip addreass, route, port, connections etc. More detailed information about the netstat command can be found in the following tutorial. Linux Netstat Command With Examples List All Listening Ports We can use netstat -l options in order to list all listening ports. This will list both TCP and UDP ports with IPv4 and IPv6...
Nmap is very popular tool among pentester and system/network administrators. We have all ready provided different nmap tutorials and cheat sheet but TCP and UDP port scan is important part of the scan. We will dive in detail in this tutorial. Start Port Scan The most simple usage without any parameter for a port scan is just providing the target. The target can be a single IP or hostname or...
Nmap is the most popular tools used in penetrations test or assessments for network scanning. Nmap have another features like listing some basic vulnerabilities and protocol related details. We will look Nmap features in fast way. For more detailed information read following tutorial. Nmap Tutorial Target Selection Target is the remote system nmap will scan. Scan Single Ip
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nmap 192.168.1.1 |
Scan A Host
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nmap google.com |
Scan A Range of IP
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nmap 192.168.1.1-30 |
Scan...
