Nagios is an open-source system, network, application monitoring system. Nagios is designed to be run on the Linux operating system or distributions like Ubuntu, Debian, CentOS, etc.
Architecture and Components
Nagios is not a single component to run. Nagios is actually a suite which provides following components.
Nagios IX
Nagios IX is the core of the Nagios suite where it providing core monitoring features. Nagios IX can monitor IT infrastructure and provides visibility. It has a plugin and scripting feature which can be used for customization.

Nagios Log Server
Nagios Log Server is used as its name suggests collecting logs from different IT components. We can view logs in real-time and quickly analyze them to solve problems.

Nagios Fusion
Nagios Fusion is a more concentrated solution to find and solve problems in an IT infrastructure. It can be integrated with Nagios Log and Nagios IX. We can see problems in a glance easily. It also provides outage visibility.

Nagios Network Analyzer
Nagios Network Analyzer provides an in-depth and packet-level look to the network traffic with source, destination IP address, and ports. We can get detailed information about network stats.

Licensing and Pricing
Nagios IX
Nagios IX have two licensing options and editions.
Standard Edition
Starts from $1,995 and have features like GUI configuration, Advenced Reporting, Custom User Views etc.
Enterprise Edition
Starts from $3,495 and have features in Standard Edition plus Scheduled Reports, Audit Logging, SLA Reports
Nagios Log Server
Single Instance
Starts From $3,995 and have features Advanced queries and filtering, Unlimited users, Automatic snapshot and backup
2 Instance
Starts from $4,995 and have features Automatic fail-over, Increased query speed (up to 2x)
Nagios Fusion
Starts from $2,495 and have features Global network analysis, distributed monitoring, customizable views.
Nagios Network Analyzer
Starts from $1,995 and have features Extensive Network Analysis, Automated Alerting, Custom Reports, Custom Views.